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Supplement evidence

117 / 575Cardiometabolic

Citrus bergamot extract

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The short answer

Small studies report lipid changes, but independent replication and standardized products are limited.

Evidence and scope
Emerging evidence

This status does not grade the ingredient for every goal, outcome, or person.

Important limitation
Early human findings are hypothesis-generating; efficacy, long-term safety, and optimal dose remain uncertain.
Before deciding
Key concern: Statins, CYP3A4 medicines, photosensitivity, liver disease, and pregnancy require review.

01 / PRACTICAL GUIDE

Dose, absorption, and combinations

These are indication-specific reference or studied ranges—not a personalized prescription. Start with the objective, then check the form, label, medicines, and health conditions.

Reference range by objective
LDL cholesterol500–1,000 mg/day polyphenolic fraction in small trials

Reference or studied range—not a personalized prescription. The product label or a clinician may specify a different dose.

Dose source

More is not automatically better. A clinician or product label may specify a different amount.

Absorption / solubilityFormulation-dependent

Not usefully classified as a fat- or water-soluble vitamin; absorption depends on the salt, extract, delivery system, and meal.

How it is commonly taken

Take with meals according to the studied product.

Do not combine casually

Statins, CYP3A4 medicines, photosensitivity, liver disease, and pregnancy require review.

Dose and use source

Dose and use links lead to primary or official source material. Search links are discovery tools, not proof that every returned paper applies.

02 / EVIDENCE

What the research says

We keep supportive, mixed, negative, safety, and contextual findings together. The headline never replaces the underlying papers.

1research papers in this ledger
14unique primary studies represented
unique participants represented

These are audited counts for this JIVANA collection, not search-result totals. Participants are counted once when multiple papers use the same cohort; review papers are not added again to participant totals.

Open the research timelineResearch timeline

Entries are ordered by publication year. A study period appears only when the source reports it.

2022
Mixed or qualifiedPMID 36251526

Bergamot supplementation and lipid profiles

Large pooled lipid changes favored bergamot, but the authors also described results across bergamot nutraceuticals as inconsistent. Product mixtures, extract standardization, and absent pooled participant reporting make the magnitude uncertain and do not establish cardiovascular outcomes.

Study design and methods
Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 trials
Population
Adults receiving oral bergamot products; the abstract did not report a participant total
Intervention
Bergamot supplements and bergamot-containing nutraceuticals
Outcome
Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides
Open research record
Unscreened discovery appendix—not evidence0 candidate publicationsSearch run: Aug 21, 2026

Complete for the displayed PubMed query at the search timestamp—not for all databases or every possible synonym. Candidates can be irrelevant, duplicate the same study, or report negative findings. They are never summed as evidence or participants until screened.

03 / SOURCES

Start with the source material

The live search is for discovery only. Search-result counts change and are not included in the audited totals above.

04 / EXPERT CONTEXT

Expert context—not evidence

Expert positions are dated context—not scientific evidence. They never raise the evidence status or become consensus by repetition.

No direct, source-verified endorsement is currently recorded. Research authorship or discussion alone is not treated as endorsement.

Educational information only—not medical advice. Product quality, dose, medicines, pregnancy, and kidney or liver disease can materially change safety.