Health goal / Healthy aging

Build healthspan as a whole system

Healthy aging is not one pathway or biomarker. Protect function and reduce avoidable risk through sleep, movement, strength, food, prevention, social connection, and appropriate medical care; treat cellular-aging mechanisms as research lenses, not consumer targets.

One connected system

What this goal includes

These parts affect one another. Use them as a coordinated system, not as isolated optimization projects.

Foundation

Sleep and recovery

Protect enough sleep and regular timing; assess persistent insomnia, breathing symptoms, or dangerous sleepiness.

Capacity

Exercise, strength, and VO2 max

Build aerobic fitness, strength, balance, and everyday movement without treating one score as destiny.

Metabolic health

Nutrition and liver health

Use a sustainable dietary pattern, manage metabolic and alcohol-related risk, and treat medicines and supplements as possible sources of liver harm as well as benefit.

Research lens

Autophagy and mitophagy

These cellular quality-control pathways matter biologically, but no consumer fasting schedule, food, or supplement is proven to extend human life by activating them.

Resilience

Stress and social connection

Use coping skills, reduce harmful conditions where possible, and keep relationships and qualified support in the plan.

Prevention

Screening, treatment, and risk reduction

Vaccination, screening, tobacco avoidance, medication review, and treatment of established risk often matter more than optimization products.

Evidence attached to the exact claimOpen detailed claim evidenceStatus applies to the stated population and outcome. It is not a grade for a person, ingredient, or practice as a whole.7
SupportedCertainty: High

Regular physical activity improves important health outcomes and lowers the risk of several chronic diseases.

Outcome measured
Mortality, cardiovascular health, metabolic health, function
Studied population
Adults, including older adults
Intervention / exposure
Regular physical activity
Compared with
Very low or no regular activity
Timeframe
Sustained weekly practice

Important limitation: No separate limitation is recorded. Read the sources before applying this finding.

3 primary evidence sources
  1. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviourWorld Health Organization, 2020
  2. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd editionU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018
  3. 健康づくりのための身体活動・運動ガイド 2023厚生労働省, 2023

Claim reviewed: 2026-08-09Next review: 2027-02-09

SupportedCertainty: High

Adults generally need enough opportunity for at least seven hours of sleep, with individual needs changing across age and circumstances.

Outcome measured
Sleep duration, daytime function, physical and mental health
Studied population
Adults, with age-specific and individual variation
Intervention / exposure
Adequate sleep opportunity
Compared with
Habitually insufficient sleep opportunity
Timeframe
Nightly, assessed with daytime function

Important limitation: Public-health thresholds are starting points, not a score to optimize. Sleep quality, regularity, daytime alertness, illness, caregiving, and shift work also matter.

2 primary evidence sources
  1. About SleepU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2024
  2. 健康づくりのための睡眠ガイド 2023厚生労働省, 2023

Claim reviewed: 2026-08-09Next review: 2027-02-09

SupportedCertainty: High

Muscle-strengthening activity helps preserve strength and physical function as we age.

Outcome measured
Strength, mobility, physical function
Studied population
Adults and older adults

Important limitation: No separate limitation is recorded. Read the sources before applying this finding.

3 primary evidence sources
  1. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviourWorld Health Organization, 2020
  2. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd editionU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018
  3. 健康づくりのための身体活動・運動ガイド 2023厚生労働省, 2023
SupportedCertainty: High

Regular aerobic training can improve cardiorespiratory fitness, including estimated or measured VO₂ max.

Outcome measured
Measured or estimated cardiorespiratory fitness
Studied population
Adults, with response varying by baseline fitness and program

Important limitation: No separate limitation is recorded. Read the sources before applying this finding.

3 primary evidence sources
  1. Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital SignAmerican Heart Association, 2016
  2. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviourWorld Health Organization, 2020
  3. 健康づくりのための身体活動・運動ガイド 2023厚生労働省, 2023
SupportedCertainty: Moderate

Social isolation and loneliness are associated with higher mortality in large prospective cohorts.

Outcome measured
All-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality associations
Studied population
Adults across 90 prospective cohort studies

Important limitation: Association does not prove that prescribing more social contact reverses the reported risk. Connection is still an important health and coping resource.

1 primary evidence sources
  1. Social isolation, loneliness and mortality: a meta-analysis of 90 cohort studiesNature Human Behaviour, 2023
Not demonstratedCertainty: Low

No fasting schedule has been shown to extend human lifespan; explanations involving autophagy or mitophagy do not replace the missing human outcome evidence.

Outcome measured
Human lifespan
Studied population
No qualifying human lifespan intervention trials

Important limitation: Animal mechanisms and short human biomarker studies can guide research, but they do not establish a consumer protocol for longevity. Fasting can also be inappropriate in some medical, nutritional, pregnancy, and eating-disorder contexts.

1 primary evidence sources
  1. Calorie restriction and fasting diets: What do we know?National Institute on Aging, 2018
SupportedCertainty: High

Dietary and herbal supplements can cause liver injury, so liver-health decisions should include alcohol, metabolic risk, medicines, supplements, and appropriate clinical assessment.

Outcome measured
Prevention or reduction of avoidable liver injury
Studied population
Adults, especially people with liver disease or metabolic risk

Important limitation: There is no universal liver-detox product. Known liver disease, abnormal tests, jaundice, or concerning symptoms require individualized clinical care.

1 primary evidence sources
  1. Treatment for NAFLD & NASHNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2021