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015 / 575Vitamin

Niacin (B3)

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The short answer

Treating deficiency; pharmacologic niacin is a medicine-level intervention for selected lipid disorders.

Evidence and scope
Established for an indicated use

This status does not grade the ingredient for every goal, outcome, or person.

Important limitation
Adding high-dose niacin to modern statin therapy has not generally improved cardiovascular outcomes.
Before deciding
High doses can cause flushing, liver injury, glucose changes, and drug interactions.

01 / PRACTICAL GUIDE

Dose, absorption, and combinations

These are indication-specific reference or studied ranges—not a personalized prescription. Start with the objective, then check the form, label, medicines, and health conditions.

Reference range by objective
Meeting usual needs14 mg NE/day women; 16 mg NE/day men

Reference or studied range—not a personalized prescription. The product label or a clinician may specify a different dose.

Dose source
LDL cholesterolGram-level lipid therapy is prescription-level and requires liver, glucose, and uric-acid monitoring

Reference or studied range—not a personalized prescription. The product label or a clinician may specify a different dose.

Dose source

More is not automatically better. A clinician or product label may specify a different amount.

Absorption / solubilityWater-soluble

Water-soluble or readily water-dispersible. This does not mean excess is always harmless.

How it is commonly taken

Take with food; extended-release products are not interchangeable.

Do not combine casually

Avoid self-treating cholesterol with high doses; alcohol, statins, gout, diabetes, and liver disease increase risk.

Dose and use source

Dose and use links lead to primary or official source material. Search links are discovery tools, not proof that every returned paper applies.

02 / EVIDENCE

What the research says

We keep supportive, mixed, negative, safety, and contextual findings together. The headline never replaces the underlying papers.

4research papers in this ledger
17unique primary studies represented
35,760unique participants represented

These are audited counts for this JIVANA collection, not search-result totals. Participants are counted once when multiple papers use the same cohort; review papers are not added again to participant totals.

Open the research timelineResearch timeline

Entries are ordered by publication year. A study period appears only when the source reports it.

2019
Does not support the tested claimPMID 30977858

Assessment of the Role of Niacin in Managing Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes

Cumulative evidence did not support cardiovascular prevention in modern secondary-prevention settings. Apparent monotherapy benefits came mainly from two older pre-statin-era trials and may not represent current care.

Study design and methods
Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 clinical-outcome trials
Population
35,760 patients with cardiovascular disease or dyslipidemia
Intervention
Niacin-containing treatment versus control
Outcome
Cardiovascular and coronary mortality, acute coronary events, stroke, revascularization, and major adverse cardiac events

Funding or conflict note: No conflicts of interest were reported.

Open research record
2016
Safety signalPMID 26370223

Niacin therapy and the risk of new-onset diabetes

Niacin increased new-onset diabetes risk by 34%; the authors estimated one additional case per 43 people treated for five years. The association was similar with and without background statins.

Study design and methods
Design
Meta-analysis of 11 randomized trials
Population
26,340 participants without diabetes at baseline
Intervention
Niacin therapy versus control
Outcome
New-onset diabetes

Funding or conflict note: These trials substantially overlap the 2019 cardiovascular synthesis and are excluded from aggregate totals.

Open research record
2014
Safety signalPMID 25014686 · NCT00461630

Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients

Lipids improved but major vascular events did not. Serious diabetes-control problems, new diabetes, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, skin, infection, and bleeding events increased; the harms apply to the tested combination.

Study design and methods
Design
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled outcome trial
Population
25,673 adults with vascular disease receiving statin-based treatment
Intervention
Extended-release niacin 2 g plus laropiprant 40 mg/day or placebo
Outcome
Major vascular events, lipid markers, and serious adverse events

Funding or conflict note: Funded by Merck and others. This trial is represented in the 2019 cardiovascular synthesis and is excluded from aggregate totals.

Open research record
2011
Does not support the tested claimPMID 22085343 · NCT00120289

Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy

HDL and triglycerides improved, but the primary cardiovascular endpoint did not. This directly illustrates why lipid-marker changes should not be presented as proven clinical benefit.

Study design and methods
Design
Randomized placebo-controlled outcome trial stopped for futility
Population
3,414 adults with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and well-controlled LDL cholesterol
Intervention
Extended-release niacin 1,500–2,000 mg/day or placebo on intensive statin therapy
Outcome
Composite cardiovascular events and lipid markers

Funding or conflict note: Funded by the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Abbott Laboratories. Represented in the 2019 synthesis.

Open research record
Unscreened discovery appendix—not evidence845 candidate publicationsSearch run: Aug 21, 2026

Complete for the displayed PubMed query at the search timestamp—not for all databases or every possible synonym. Candidates can be irrelevant, duplicate the same study, or report negative findings. They are never summed as evidence or participants until screened.

03 / SOURCES

Start with the source material

The live search is for discovery only. Search-result counts change and are not included in the audited totals above.

Recent PubMed discovery recordsDirect links to the first 12 records returned by the reproducible search. These are discovery candidates—not reviewed summaries or a count of supportive findings.
  1. Human-milk vitamin B-3 (niacin and vitamer) concentrations: secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of maternal nicotinamide supplementation in rural Tanzania.DeBoer MD, McDermid JM, Hampel D et al. · 2026 · The American journal of clinical nutrition · PMID 42309304Open on PubMed
  2. Pellagra in Contemporary Clinical Practice (2000-2023): A Systematic Review.Litaiem N, Sboui K, Zeglaoui F · 2026 · International journal of dermatology · PMID 41876960Open on PubMed
  3. Psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder: Perspective from meta-analysis.Kishi T, Sakuma K, Hatano M et al. · 2026 · Journal of affective disorders · PMID 41876058Open on PubMed
  4. Blunted Niacin Skin Flushing Response in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis.Wang J, Wang Q, Wang D et al. · 2026 · Schizophrenia bulletin · PMID 40401804Open on PubMed
  5. Blunted Niacin Skin Flushing Response in Mood Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.Wang Q, Wang J, Hu X et al. · 2026 · Depression and anxiety · PMID 42137476Open on PubMed
  6. Short-Term and Late-Term Effects of Psilocybin on Symptoms in Major Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Yngwe H, Plavén-Sigray P, Ekman CJ et al. · 2026 · JAMA network open · PMID 42138922Open on PubMed
  7. Impact of conventional lipid-lowering therapy on circulating levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Meng L, Huang T, Guo S et al. · 2026 · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · PMID 41656962Open on PubMed
  8. NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.Gallagher C, Emmanuel OO · 2026 · Ageing research reviews · PMID 41655607Open on PubMed
  9. Metabolic reprogramming of endothelial-related pathways in COVID-19 patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a randomized clinical trial.Jermakow N, Brodaczewska K, Kot J et al. · 2026 · Scientific reports · PMID 41851311Open on PubMed
  10. First-in-Human Phase I Study of KPT-9274, a First-in-Class Dual Inhibitor of PAK4 and NAMPT, in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies.Razak A, Mahipal A, Diamond JR et al. · 2026 · Targeted oncology · PMID 41824279Open on PubMed
  11. Niacin Modulates Immune Responses in a Phase I Dose-Escalation Clinical Trial of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma.Poon CC, Hagen KM, Sarkar S et al. · 2026 · Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · PMID 41632924Open on PubMed
  12. The differential impact of three different NAD(+) boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolism in humans.Christen S, Redeuil K, Goulet L et al. · 2026 · Nature metabolism · PMID 41540253Open on PubMed

04 / EXPERT CONTEXT

Expert context—not evidence

Expert positions are dated context—not scientific evidence. They never raise the evidence status or become consensus by repetition.

No direct, source-verified endorsement is currently recorded. Research authorship or discussion alone is not treated as endorsement.

Educational information only—not medical advice. Product quality, dose, medicines, pregnancy, and kidney or liver disease can materially change safety.